# 2026年3月18日事故 ## 主要问题 - Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁编译失败: - Proxmox 8: - 对应内核版本 v6.8: [strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms at 2025.07.22](https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/tree/2025.07.22) - 存在修改的文件: `/etc/default/grub` `/etc/sysfs.conf` ## 故障流程回顾 ``` bash apt install net-tools lshw ethtool dkms pve-headers ``` ``` hl_lines="4" Building module: Cleaning build area... export LEX=flex; export YACC=bison; cp defconfigs/i915_only .config; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve olddefconfig; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve BUILD_CONFIG=nodrm.....(bad exit status: 2) Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/intel-i915-dkms/1.24.1.19.240119.1.nodrm/build/make.log for more information. Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall. Refer to previous errors for more information. dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve failed! run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed.postinst line 20. dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed (--configure): installed proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2 Setting up lshw (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2+b1) ... Setting up usb.ids (2025.07.26-0+deb12u1) ... Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve (6.8.12-20) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of proxmox-kernel-6.8: proxmox-kernel-6.8 depends on proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed | proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve; however: Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed is not configured yet. Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not installed. Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed which provides proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8 (6.8.12-20) ... Setting up proxmox-default-headers (1.1.0) ... Setting up pve-headers (8.4.0) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ... Errors were encountered while processing: proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed proxmox-kernel-6.8 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) ``` 此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 构建失败。 接下来尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。 ``` bash dpkg -i i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ``` ``` hl_lines="14" Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms. (Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ... Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ... Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ... install dkms modules for all kernels Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files... Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config. This indicates that it should not be built. Skipped. Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information. update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'.. Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace.. No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync. ``` 此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败。注意，此时运行中的内核是 `6.8.8-2-pve`，事情不太妙。 接下来，试图仅为正在运行中的内核构建 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。 ``` bash dkms install -m i915-sriov-dkms -v 2025.07.22 -k $(uname -r) ``` ``` hl_lines="7" Sign command: /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build/scripts/sign-file Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub Building module: Cleaning build area... make -j12 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.8-2-pve -C /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build M=/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build...(bad exit status: 2) Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information. ``` ``` title="/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log" DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) Wed Mar 18 01:01:42 PM CST 2026 make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve' warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0 You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0 CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration] 56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base)) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_device_info.o cc1: some warnings being treated as errors make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2 make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2 make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve' ``` 这下可以确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁没法为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建。 接下来，试着删除已安装的 `i915-sriov-dkms` 包和相关构建目录。 ``` bash dpkg --purge i915-sriov-dkms dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all apt --fix-broken install dpkg --configure -a ``` 这部分的输出忘记记录，不过好像没什么特别。 接下来，发动俺寻思之力，试着删掉一些无用的内核。 ``` bash dpkg --list | grep proxmox-kernel ``` ``` rc proxmox-kernel-6.1.10 ... ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-19-pve-signed ii proxmox-kernel-6.8 ii proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve ii proxmox-headers-6.8 ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve ... ``` ``` bash dpkg --purge (标着“rc”的内核) ``` ``` bash proxmox-boot-tool refresh ``` 抱歉，我忘记执行这个命令，这可能是造成卡引导的关键疏忽... > 执行完 apt --fix-broken install 后，如果不再出现错误提示，你可以重启服务器，它会自动进入新的内核（6.8.12-20），届时你的系统就彻底恢复了。 > > Gemini 按照 Gemini 老师的指导，我没多想就点了重启。重启之后服务器就失联了... 采集卡看到的画面是这样的： ![绿油油一片...](https://static.cattom.site/new_blog_image/2026-3-18-1.png?x-oss-process=style/webp) > 这张图片虽然模糊，但从显示的绿色背景和少量文字来看，这很典型的 Kernel Panic (内核恐慌) 或者 Initramfs 挂载根分区失败。 > > Gemini 只能说 Gemini 牛大了，凭这绿油油一片的东西也能解读出东西... 可惜 KVM 是自部署的，以 CH9329 为后端的 HID 不稳定，电源控制和挂载镜像的功能是一点没有... ## 修复流程 修复方案三步走: 1. 尝试进入可用内核，恢复系统运行 2. 重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁，恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通 3. 如果系统崩溃或者无法修复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通，则重装系统，顺便升级至 Proxmox 9 ### 尝试进入可用内核 首先，请~~驻场运维为服务器加装可远控的电源开关~~老爸到房间给服务器电源加上闲置的米家智能插座。 然后，服务器上电，毫不意外，服务器没法正常启动，看来旧内核 `proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve` 大抵是坏掉了。 ![毫不意外呀...](https://static.cattom.site/new_blog_image/2026-3-18-2.png?x-oss-process=style/webp) 遂重新上电，GNU GRUB - Advanced options for Proxmox VE GNU/Linux - `proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve`，正常进入系统，第一步完成。 ### 恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通 首先，将 `/etc/default/grub` `/etc/sysfs.conf` 中有关 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁的配置删除。 ``` bash proxmox-boot-tool kernel list ``` ``` Manually selected kernels: None. Automatically selected kernels: 6.8.8-2-pve 6.8.12-19-pve 6.8.12-20-pve Pinned kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve ``` 诶？怎么内核版本被锁在 `6.8.8-2-pve`。遂解除内核锁定，让系统自动选择最新版本。 ``` bash proxmox-boot-tool kernel unpin proxmox-boot-tool refresh update-grub ``` 重启，然后卡在了 GNU GRUB 的蓝色界面，怀疑是 CH9329 为后端的 HID 崩溃导致的。于是断电，过了一会再上电，系统使用 `proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve` 内核正常启动。 尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。 ``` bash wget -O /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb "https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/releases/download/2025.07.22/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb" dpkg -i /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ``` ``` Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms. (Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ... Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ... Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ... install dkms modules for all kernels Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files... Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config. This indicates that it should not be built. Skipped. Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information. update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'.. Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace.. No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync. ``` 输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败。等等？怎么还有 `6.8.8-2-pve` 的事？算了，先做几个检查确认目前情况。 ``` bash dkms status ``` ``` i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22: added ``` ``` bash ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/ ``` ``` total 8760 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8114737 Mar 13 16:15 i915.ko -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 849561 Mar 13 16:15 kvmgt.ko ``` ``` bash cat /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log ``` ``` title="/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log" DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64) Fri Mar 20 12:15:58 AM CST 2026 make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve' warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0 You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0 CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration] 56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base)) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o cc1: some warnings being treated as errors CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs.... make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2 make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2 make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve' ``` 上述输出确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包已经被添加到了 DKMS 中，为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败，为当前运行内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 的构建情况未知。 接下来，令 DKMS 仅针对当前运行内核编译。 ``` bash dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all dkms add i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 dkms install i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 -k $(uname -r) ``` ``` bash dkms status ``` ``` i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22, 6.8.12-20-pve, x86_64: installed ``` Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包为当前运行内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 安装成功。接下来继续按照项目 README 的指引重新配置 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 功能。 ``` bash nano /etc/default/grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on i915.enable_guc=3 i915.max_vfs=7 module_blacklist=xe" ``` ``` bash update-grub update-initramfs -u ``` ``` bash proxmox-boot-tool kernel pin 6.8.12-20-pve proxmox-boot-tool refresh ``` ``` bash apt install sysfsutils echo "devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/sriov_numvfs = 7" > /etc/sysfs.conf ``` 最后，重启服务器。启动 Windows 虚拟机，重新安装 Intel 显卡驱动，Jellyfin 视频转码正常，成功恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通。 Windows 虚拟机配置显卡直通可参考[补丁项目 README 的相关内容](https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/tree/2025.07.22#windows-guest-tested-with-proxmox-83--windows-11-24h2--intel-driver-32010164603201016259)，其中提取显卡 EFI 固件的部分不一定需要。