397 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
397 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# 2026年3月18日事故
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## 运行环境
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- 零刻 SEi12 12450H
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- CPU: i5-12450H
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- 系统: Proxmox Virtual Environment 8.4.17
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- Windows 虚拟机: Windows 11 专业版 24H2
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## 主要问题
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- Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁编译失败:
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- 对应内核版本 v6.8: [strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms at 2025.07.22](https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/tree/2025.07.22)
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- 存在修改的文件: `/etc/default/grub` `/etc/sysfs.conf`
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## 故障流程回顾
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``` bash
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apt install net-tools lshw ethtool dkms pve-headers
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```
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``` hl_lines="4"
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Building module:
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Cleaning build area...
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export LEX=flex; export YACC=bison; cp defconfigs/i915_only .config; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve olddefconfig; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve BUILD_CONFIG=nodrm.....(bad exit status: 2)
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Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve (x86_64)
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Consult /var/lib/dkms/intel-i915-dkms/1.24.1.19.240119.1.nodrm/build/make.log for more information.
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Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
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Refer to previous errors for more information.
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dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve failed!
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run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
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Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed.postinst line 20.
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dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed (--configure):
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installed proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
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Setting up lshw (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2+b1) ...
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Setting up usb.ids (2025.07.26-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve (6.8.12-20) ...
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dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of proxmox-kernel-6.8:
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proxmox-kernel-6.8 depends on proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed | proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve; however:
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Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed is not configured yet.
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Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not installed.
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Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed which provides proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not configured yet.
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dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8 (--configure):
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dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
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Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8 (6.8.12-20) ...
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Setting up proxmox-default-headers (1.1.0) ...
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Setting up pve-headers (8.4.0) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
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Errors were encountered while processing:
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proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed
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proxmox-kernel-6.8
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E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
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```
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此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 构建失败。
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接下来尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
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``` bash
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dpkg -i i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb
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```
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``` hl_lines="14"
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Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms.
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(Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
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Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
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install dkms modules for all kernels
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Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files...
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Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve
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Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve
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Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config.
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This indicates that it should not be built.
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Skipped.
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Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve
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Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
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Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
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update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
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Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ...
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve
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Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'..
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Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace..
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No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync.
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```
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此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败。注意，此时运行中的内核是 `6.8.8-2-pve`，事情不太妙。
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接下来，试图仅为正在运行中的内核构建 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
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``` bash
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dkms install -m i915-sriov-dkms -v 2025.07.22 -k $(uname -r)
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```
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``` hl_lines="7"
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Sign command: /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build/scripts/sign-file
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Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
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Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
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Building module:
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Cleaning build area...
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make -j12 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.8-2-pve -C /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build M=/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build...(bad exit status: 2)
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Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
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Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
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```
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``` title="/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log"
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DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
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Wed Mar 18 01:01:42 PM CST 2026
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make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
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warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel
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The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
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You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o
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/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’:
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/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
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56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base))
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_device_info.o
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cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
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make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1
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make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
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make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2
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make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
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make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
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```
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这下可以确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁没法为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建。
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接下来，试着删除已安装的 `i915-sriov-dkms` 包和相关构建目录。
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``` bash
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dpkg --purge i915-sriov-dkms
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dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all
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apt --fix-broken install
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dpkg --configure -a
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```
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这部分的输出忘记记录，不过好像没什么特别。
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接下来，发动俺寻思之力，试着删掉一些无用的内核。
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``` bash
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dpkg --list | grep proxmox-kernel
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```
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```
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rc proxmox-kernel-6.1.10
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...
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ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed
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ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-19-pve-signed
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ii proxmox-kernel-6.8
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ii proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve
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ii proxmox-headers-6.8
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ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve
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...
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```
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``` bash
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dpkg --purge (标着“rc”的内核)
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```
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``` bash
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proxmox-boot-tool refresh
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```
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抱歉，我忘记执行这个命令，这可能是造成卡引导的关键疏忽...
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> 执行完 apt --fix-broken install 后，如果不再出现错误提示，你可以重启服务器，它会自动进入新的内核（6.8.12-20），届时你的系统就彻底恢复了。
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>
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> Gemini
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按照 Gemini 老师的指导，我没多想就点了重启。重启之后服务器就失联了...
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采集卡看到的画面是这样的：
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> 这张图片虽然模糊，但从显示的绿色背景和少量文字来看，这很典型的 Kernel Panic (内核恐慌) 或者 Initramfs 挂载根分区失败。
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>
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> Gemini
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只能说 Gemini 牛大了，凭这绿油油一片的东西也能解读出东西...
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可惜 KVM 是自部署的，以 CH9329 为后端的 HID 不稳定，电源控制和挂载镜像的功能是一点没有...
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## 修复流程
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修复方案三步走:
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1. 尝试进入可用内核，恢复系统运行
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2. 重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁，恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通
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3. 如果系统崩溃或者无法修复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通，则重装系统，顺便升级至 Proxmox 9
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### 尝试进入可用内核
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首先，请~~驻场运维为服务器加装可远控的电源开关~~老爸到房间给服务器电源加上闲置的米家智能插座。
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然后，服务器上电，毫不意外，服务器没法正常启动，看来旧内核 `proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve` 大抵是坏掉了。
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遂重新上电，GNU GRUB - Advanced options for Proxmox VE GNU/Linux - `proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve`，正常进入系统，第一步完成。
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### 恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通
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首先，将 `/etc/default/grub` `/etc/sysfs.conf` 中有关 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁的配置删除。
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``` bash
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proxmox-boot-tool kernel list
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```
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```
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Manually selected kernels:
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None.
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Automatically selected kernels:
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6.8.8-2-pve
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6.8.12-19-pve
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6.8.12-20-pve
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Pinned kernel:
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6.8.8-2-pve
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```
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诶？怎么内核版本被锁在 `6.8.8-2-pve`。遂解除内核锁定，让系统自动选择最新版本。
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``` bash
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proxmox-boot-tool kernel unpin
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proxmox-boot-tool refresh
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update-grub
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```
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重启，然后卡在了 GNU GRUB 的蓝色界面，怀疑是 CH9329 为后端的 HID 崩溃导致的。于是断电，过了一会再上电，系统使用 `proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve` 内核正常启动。
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尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
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``` bash
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wget -O /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb "https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/releases/download/2025.07.22/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb"
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dpkg -i /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb
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```
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```
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Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms.
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(Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
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Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
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install dkms modules for all kernels
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Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files...
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Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve
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Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve
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Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config.
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This indicates that it should not be built.
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Skipped.
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Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve
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Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
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Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
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update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
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Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ...
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve
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Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'..
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Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace..
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No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync.
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```
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输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败。等等？怎么还有 `6.8.8-2-pve` 的事？算了，先做几个检查确认目前情况。
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``` bash
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dkms status
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```
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```
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i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22: added
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```
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``` bash
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ls -l /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/
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```
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```
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total 8760
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8114737 Mar 13 16:15 i915.ko
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 849561 Mar 13 16:15 kvmgt.ko
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```
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``` bash
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cat /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log
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```
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``` title="/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log"
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DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
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Fri Mar 20 12:15:58 AM CST 2026
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make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
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warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel
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The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
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You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o
|
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o
|
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CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o
|
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/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’:
|
||
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
|
||
56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base))
|
||
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o
|
||
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o
|
||
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o
|
||
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o
|
||
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
|
||
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o
|
||
make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1
|
||
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
|
||
make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2
|
||
make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
|
||
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
上述输出确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包已经被添加到了 DKMS 中，为内核 `6.8.8-2-pve` 构建失败，为当前运行内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 的构建情况未知。
|
||
|
||
接下来，令 DKMS 仅针对当前运行内核编译。
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all
|
||
dkms add i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22
|
||
dkms install i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 -k $(uname -r)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
dkms status
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22, 6.8.12-20-pve, x86_64: installed
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包为当前运行内核 `6.8.12-20-pve` 安装成功。接下来继续按照项目 README 的指引重新配置 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 功能。
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
nano /etc/default/grub
|
||
|
||
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on i915.enable_guc=3 i915.max_vfs=7 module_blacklist=xe"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
update-grub
|
||
update-initramfs -u
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
proxmox-boot-tool kernel pin 6.8.12-20-pve
|
||
proxmox-boot-tool refresh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
apt install sysfsutils
|
||
echo "devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/sriov_numvfs = 7" > /etc/sysfs.conf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
最后，重启服务器。启动 Windows 虚拟机，重新安装 Intel 显卡驱动，Jellyfin 视频转码正常，成功恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通。
|
||
|
||
Windows 虚拟机配置显卡直通可参考[补丁项目 README 的相关内容](https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/tree/2025.07.22#windows-guest-tested-with-proxmox-83--windows-11-24h2--intel-driver-32010164603201016259)，其中提取显卡 EFI 固件的部分不一定需要。 |